Synthesis of well-defined star-branched polymers by stepwise iterative methodology using living anionic polymerization

This article reviews the synthesis of regular and asymmetric star-branched polymers with well-defined structures by methodologies using living anionic polymerization, especially focusing on the synthetic approaches accessible for precisely controlled architectures of star-branched polymers concerning molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, arm number, and composition. The reason for selecting living anionic polymerization from many living/controlled polymerization systems so far developed is that this living polymerization system is still the best to meet the strict requirements for the precise structures of star-branched polymers. Furthermore, we herein mainly introduce a novel and quite versatile stepwise iterative methodology recently developed by our group for the successive synthesis of many-armed and multi-compositional asymmetric star-branched polymers. The methodology basically involves only two sets of the reaction conditions for the entire iterative synthetic sequence. The reaction sequence can be, in principle, limitlessly iterated to introduce a definite number of the same or different polymer segments at each stage of the iteration. As a result, a wide variety of many-armed and multi-compositional asymmetric star-branched polymers can be synthesized.     

聚丙烯酸-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯共聚物水性颜料分散剂的合成及应用

以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和甲基丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯(DM)为单体,合成了AA-BA-DM三元共聚物分散剂,研究了其对二氧化钛颜料的分散效果;讨论了分散剂黏度、分散剂用量对颜料分散体系的影响;同时考察了该共聚物分散剂对不同颜料的分散稳定性。结果表明,当n(AA):n(BA):n(DM)=1.25:1:0.15,引发剂占单体总质量的1%,链转移剂占单体总质量的4%,为聚合物分散剂的最佳合成条件,所得共聚物分散剂对二氧化钛分散效果最佳,分散力达97.5%,且分散剂的用量占颜料总质量的0.80%时分散效果较好。通过对酞菁绿、二氧化钛及铬红分散效果的考察,该分散剂对颜料酞菁绿的分散效果最好,二氧化钛次之,对铬红的分散效果较差。     

高附着力丙烯酸阴极电泳涂料树脂的合成及应用

采用自由基溶液聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸四氢糠基酯(THFMA)、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯(DMAEMA)、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯(IBOMA)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)等单体合成了高附着力丙烯酸阴极电泳涂料用树脂.研究树脂漆膜外观及性能的几种影响因素.实验结果表明:THFMA用量为15％,以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,槽液pH控制在5.8左右,可得到平整丰满漆膜,其附着力为0级,光泽可达130.4,膜厚为21.4μm.可广泛应用与五金、汽车等行业.     

PbSe/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纳米复合材料的制备及表征

采用超声电化学法制备出水相硒化铅(PbSe)纳米晶体,并将其掺杂到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate,PMMA)材料中,通过本体聚合法制备出PbSe/PMMA纳米复合材科.用X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜对PbSe纳米晶体和PbSe/PMMA纳米复合材料的形貌进行了表征.结果表明:超声电化...     

干凝胶法制备惯性约束聚变靶用高渗透性空心玻璃微球

为制备惯性约束聚变靶用高渗透性空心玻璃球（hollow glass microspheres,HGM）,研究了初始玻璃配方、发泡剂种类、炉内载气组分和压力、精炼温度对干凝胶粒子的炉内成球过程和最终HGM的产率、质量和渗透性能的影响。结果表明：初始玻璃配方中的绝大部分碱金属氧化物在精炼过程中都从液态玻璃挥发进入载气,最终...     

海藻酸钠-胰蛋白酶微球的制备及药物释放性能

通过离子凝胶法制备出球形完好的海藻酸钠-胰蛋白酶微球.红外分析表明,微球中凝胶基质通过海藻酸钠的-COO-与Ca2+发生静电作用交联形成.SEM观察显示微球中存在蛋格结构及孔洞.考察了不同因素对微球载药率、包封率和体外释药率的影响.结果表明,海藻酸钠水溶液浓度越高释药率越低,当海藻酸钠与胰蛋白酶质量比为4,海藻酸钠水溶...     

Damage characterization in non-isothermal stretching of acrylics. Part II: Experimental validation

Influence of temperature and strain rate on damage accumulation and large deformation behavior of acrylics was investigated under conditions similar to actual polymer processing. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) samples were stretched to large strains at different rates under transient thermal conditions. During testing, specimens were cooled down from temperatures above glass transition temperature (θ_g) to temperatures well-below θ_g inducing a transition from rubbery state to solid state. Contrary to common practice of studying thermo-mechanical coupling in terms of adiabatic heating; in proposed experimental study, temperature effect on mechanical response of material was emphasized by externally intervening temperature variation within specimen. An improved version of dual-mechanism constitutive model presented in Part I [Gunel, E.M., Basaran, C., 2010. Damage characterization in non-isothermal stretching of acrylics. Part I: Theory. Mechanics of Materials] was proposed to predict thermo-mechanical response of amorphous polymer below and above θ_g. Applicability of proposed constitutive model for the specific case of non-isothermal stretching of PMMA at different test conditions was demonstrated by incorporating it into a finite element scheme. Constitutive model was reasonably accurate to capture observed temperature-displacement-force history in experimental study. Damage evolution under different testing conditions was studied in terms of irreversible thermal and mechanical entropy production.     

无机保温砂浆研究进展

无机保温砂浆作为一种新型外墙保温材料,与传统有机保温材料相比具有防火阻燃性好、强度高、耐久性优良、不易空鼓开裂等优点,是保温材料的发展新方向。本文简述了无机保温砂浆的保温机理,介绍了无机保温砂浆的特点和分类,分析探讨了无机保温砂浆存在的问题,展望了无机保温砂浆的发展前景。     

CMC聚合物对水泥砂浆力学性能的影响

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射对从乳液中提取出的共聚物进行了表征。将共聚物加入水泥砂浆测试其力学性能并用扫描电镜对水泥胶砂进行微观形貌观察。结果表明:在减水25%的条件下,以木质素磺酸钠增加乳液分散性,用消泡剂磷酸三丁酯控制水泥胶砂引气量,1.5%的CMC-g-PSS/PMMA掺量可以显著提高水泥砂浆的力学性能。经7d和28d养护,改性后的试样抗折强度分别提高7.99%和8.267%,抗压强度分别提高25.60%和24.04%。水泥砂浆力学性能的提高可能源于材料结构的均匀和致密。     

功能单体对聚合物原位处理木材冲击韧性的改善

针对甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体原位聚合处理木材存在脆性较大的缺点,选择具有柔性链段的乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)对之进行增韧改性.采用GMA和EGDMA混合单体溶液浸注木材,再通过加热聚合方式制备木材-GMA-EGDMA复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪观察与分析木材-GMA-EGDMA复合材料的微观形貌、组分特征和聚合物的聚集态;借助冲击韧性试验机测试分析木材-GMA-EGDMA复合材料的冲击韧性.结果表明:GMA+EGDMA单体在木材细胞腔中原位聚合成聚合物,并以无定形态均匀填充木材细胞腔;聚合物与木材基质间存在相对较强的黏结力;聚合物的冲击断面呈典型的韧性断裂特征.木材-GMA-EGDMA复合材料的冲击韧性较木材素材和GMA单体原位聚合处理木材分别提高了98%和220%.